定语从句讲解

发布 2021-05-14 08:15:28 阅读 4749

定语从句。

一、定语从句概念。

定语从句,顾名思义,就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当,另外,定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,故又称作关系从句。

定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词被称作先行词。请看示例:the woman who lives next door is a teacher.

先行词定语从句。

在所有的从句中,算定语从句最难掌握,因为汉语里没有定语从句,汉语里只有定语,而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。二、关系代词引导的定语从句。

关系代词代替前面的先行词,并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有:who, that, which。三、关系副词引导的定语从句。

常用的关系副词只有三个:when, where, why,在定语从句中充当时间、地点和原因状语。四、特殊关系代词as引导的定语从句。

as是个比较特殊的关系代词,一是用在某些句型搭配里,二是独立于主句之外。下面分别讲解。(一)在固定搭配as…as, so…as, such…as, the same…as中,as引导定语从句you may take as many books as you want.

你想要拿多少书就拿多少。(第一个as是副词,修饰many的;第二个as才是关系代词,代替先行词books,在定语从句中作宾语)i h**e got such a computer as yours.

我有一台你这样的电脑。(as是关系代词,代替先行词computer,在定语从句中作表语,因为yours后省略了is)

i h**e never seen so beautiful a place as guilin.

我从未见过像桂林那样美丽的地方。(as是关系代词,代替先行词place,在定语从句中作表语,因为guilin后省略了is)

二)独立于主句之外,as引导定语从句as we know,the earth turns around the sun.正如我们所知,地球围绕太阳旋转。as is known to us,as we know和as is known to us均为定语从句,as分别作宾语和主语,替代后面的主句。

)taiwan is, as you know, is an inseparable part of china.

你知道,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。(关系代词as指代整个主句,在定语从句中作宾语。)五、关系代词who, which与that的区别(一)关系代词who与that的区别。

1.当关系代词用作主语时,多用主格who。例如:he who loses hope loses all.

失去希望的人就失去一切。(先行词为代词he, they, any, all, one等时,多用who)i met alice, who told me that she was learning chinese.

我遇见艾丽斯,她告诉我她在学汉语。(在非限制性定语从句中,用who)2.当关系代词用作介词后的宾语时,用宾格whom,不用that。

例如:the man to whom our headmaster talked just now is our english teacher.

我们校长刚才与他谈话的那个人是我们的英语老师。(介词与关系代词紧密相连时,只能用宾格whom,不可用主格who)

注意:介词与关系代词不是紧密相连时,或者说介词放在句子后面时,这时可以用主格who,也可用that,还可以省略关系代词。因此,上面的这句话还可以有如下四种说法:

(1) the man whom our headmaster talked to just now is our english teacher.(2) the man who our headmaster talked to just now is our english teacher.(3) the man that our headmaster talked to just now is our english teacher.

(4) the man our headmaster talked to just now is our english teacher.第4句简洁、自然,所以口语中用得最多。3.

当关系代词泛指人时,多用that。例如:he is a man that is never afraid of failure.

他是个从不怕失败的人。(that用来泛指人)

4.当关系代词出现在who开头的疑问句时,应用that。例如:who is the girl that is talking to tom in english?

用英语同汤姆交谈的那个女孩是谁?(避免重复使用who,以免造成误解或语义含混不清)(二)关系代词which与that的区别。

1.当先行词为all, much, little以及不定代词anything, something, everything等时,关系代词多用that。例如:

all that glitters is not gold.闪闪发光物,未必尽**。

she told me everything that she knew.她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我。

2.当先行词的前面有形容词最高级、序数词或限定词the only, the very, all, every, any, no等时,关系代词一般都用that。例如:

this is the best novel that i h**e ever read.这是我读过的最好的一部**。he is the only person that has been invited to the ball.

他是惟一应邀参加舞会的人。3.当关系代词出现在which开头的疑问句时,应用that。

例如:which was the hotel that was recommended to the foreign guest?哪一个是推荐给外宾的宾馆?(这里使用that很明显是为了避免重复which)

4.在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词一般只用which。例如:

beijing, which is the capital of the people’s republic of china, willhost the 2008 olympic games.北京是中华人民共和国的首都,将主办2023年奥运会。5.

介词后的关系代词用which,而不用that。例如:

she has collected 600 stamps, 60% of which are german stamps.她收集了600张邮票,其中60%是德国邮票。六、定语从句的位置。

如前所述,定语从句一般总是直接置于所修饰的名词或代词之后。有时候,定语从句与先行词之间插入了其他的短语,这样它们被分隔了,这种情况下的定语从句被称作隔离定语从句。例如:

there was a girl upstairs who was shouting and crying, obviously mad.

楼上有一个女孩,大喊大叫。很明显,她疯了。(定语从句who was shouting and crying修饰the girl,被upstairs所隔开)

a new master will come tomorrow who will teach you german.明天要来一位新老师教你们德语了。(定语从句置于句末以示强调)

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