初中英语句子成分讲解

发布 2021-05-14 20:11:28 阅读 9188

unit4语法之句子成分讲解。

一概述:句子成分。

概念:组成句子的各个部分,即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语,主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。

主语:表示句子所说的是什么人或神秘物,一般由名词、代词或不定式,v-ing和从句充当。

谓语:说明主语是什么,做什么或怎么样。由动词充当,主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。谓语动词存在多种时态,它是句子的核心。

表语:说明主语是说明或怎么样,由名词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、介词短语、句子等充当。

宾语:表示动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式、v-ing、从句充当,和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。

定语:用来修饰名词或代词。由形容词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、从句充当。单词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前,短语或句子作定语放在被修饰才之后。

状语:用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、条件、目的、方式、程度等等。

通常由副词、介词短语、不定式或句子充当。(若在同一句子**现多个不同状语,常见的4个的顺序为:方式状语、目的状语、地点状语、时间状语。

)二详解。 主语

主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。

he likes watchingtv.他喜欢看电视。

1,名词 例如: a mooncake is a delicious, round cake.

the first truck is carrying a few baskets.

2,代词 例如: it’s a young forest.

i don’t know if it will grow.

that’s a bit expensive.

you’d better buy a new pair.

i’m afraid we h**en’t got any black shoes.

3,数词 例如:one and two is three.

one is not enough for me. i want one more.

one of them is english.

suddenly one of the bags fell off the truck.

two will be enough.

4,不定式 (常以 it’s adj. to do sth. 形式出现)

例如: to give is better than to receive =its better to give.

i found it difficult to get to sleep.

it’s glad to see you again.

it was difficult to see.

but it’s good to swim in summer.

2、谓语

谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。

一般可分为两类:

1),简单谓语

由动词(或短语动词)构成。

可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。

westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习。

2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式

icanspeakalit'tleeng'lish.我可以说一点英语。

谓语 谓语有动词构成,依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类。不论何种时态,语态,语气,凡由一个动词(或动词词组)构成的谓语都是简单谓语。例如:

i like walking.(一般现在时主动语态)

i made your birthday cake last night. (一般过去时主动语态)

it is used by tr**ellers and business people all over the world. (一般现在时被动语态)

复合谓语也可分为两种情况:

第一种是由情态动词,助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的复合谓语:

what does this word mean?

i won’t do it again.

第二种是由连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语。例如:

you look the same.

we are all here.

3、表语

表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。

mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是**。

表语表语是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语一般放在系动词之后。表语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。

these desks are yellow.

这些桌子是黄色的。

i am all right.

系动词的分类:

1)状态系动词。

用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:

he is a teacher. 他是一名教师。(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)

2)持续系动词。

用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:

he always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默。

3)表像系动词。

用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:

he seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心。

4)感官系动词。

感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:

this kind of cloth feels very soft.

这种布手感很软。

5)变化系动词。

这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come,

例如:he became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。

6)终止系动词。

表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:

the rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。

the search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。

4、宾语

宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。宾语

宾语是谓语动作所涉及的对象,它是动作的承受者,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的成分担任,宾语一般放在谓语动词后面。

i saw a cat in the tree.

我看见树上有一只猫。

i want to go shopping.

我想去买东西。

5、定语

在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。

用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。

heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生。

但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。

thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的。

that is a beautiful flower.

那是一朵漂亮的花。

the tv set made in that factory is very good.

那个工厂生产的电视机很好。

6、状语

状语:说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。状语可以由副词,短语以及从句来担任。

状语从句分类及常用连词:

类别连词 时间状语从句 when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till, once, as soon as,etc.

地点状语从句 where,wherever

原因状语从句 because, since, as, for, now that, etc.

目的状语从句 in order that, so that, that, etc.

结果状语从句 so…that, so that, such…that, that, etc.

条件状语从句 if, unless, as(so)long as, etc.

让步状语从句 though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever, as,etc.

比较状语从句 as…as, so…as, than, etc.

方式状语从句 as, as if, as though, etc.

英语句子成分基础练习及答案。

1). 指出下列句中主语的中心词

the teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

there is an old man coming here.

the useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

to do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.

二) 挑出下列句中的宾语。

my brother hasn't done his homework.

people all over the world speak english.

you must pay good attention to your pronunciation.

how many new words did you learn last class?

some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?

the old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.

they made him monitor of the class.

go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.

you will find it useful after you le**e school.

they didn't know who "father christmas" really is.

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