语法专题三：状语从句。
1. 状语从句的类型。
1) 时间状语从句：常见引导词有：
when：表示主句和从句的动作同时或先后发生，强调点，表“就在那时；突然”。
while：常表示延续性动词或状态；while也可表示对比的转折。
as soon as： 表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作马上就发生。
hardly / scarcely … when；no sooner … than：表示“还没来得及……就；刚……就”。
directly, immediately, instantly：副词当连词用，表示“一……就”。
the moment, the minute, the second：充当连词，等于when / as soon as。
each time, every time, next time, by the time等：也可以引导时间状语从句。
since：引导的时间状语从句，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。常用句型：it is + 段时间 + since从句，“自从……有多长时间了”。
until：常与not连用，表示“直到……才……”not until置于句首时，主句要部分倒装；在it is / was…that / who…强调结构中，须连在一起。
2) 让步状语从句：常见引导词有：although, though, even if, even though, as等。
3) 原因状语从句：常见引导词有：
because：常用于回答why, 语气最强；强调原因，常与just, only等起强调作用的副词连用；可引导表语从句。
for：是个并列连词，一般不放在句首，常表示一种推测或解释，或用作附加说明，语气弱。
as, since：常译为“既然、由于”，表示十分明显的原因，语气较弱。
now that：表示“既然”的意思。
4) 地点状语从句：常见引导词有：where, wherever等。
5) 目的状语从句：常见引导词有：that, so that, in order that等。
目的状语从句的谓语动词常与情态动词连用，否则可能是结果状语从句。不可置于句首。目的状语从句还可以用动词不定式来替换。
6) 结果状语从句：常见引导词有：that, so that, so … that, such … that …等。
7) 方式状语从句：由as, as if(though)等引导。
8) 比较状语从句：由than, as等引导。
9) 条件状语从句：由if, unless, so (as) long as, in case, once, a far as, on condition that等引导。
2. 注意：
1) 主将从现规则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句中，若主句用一般将来时，或是祈使句，或是含有情态动词的谓语形式，从句则用一般现在时表示将来时，如：you can join our club when you get a bit older.
2) 疑问词 + ever和no matter + 疑问词的区别：疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句和让步状语从句；no matter + 疑问词，只能引导让步状语从句。
巩固练习：1.__you’ve tried it, you can’t imagine how pleasant it is.
a. unless b. because c. although d. when
2. he left in __a hurry __he forgot his key.
a. such, that b. so, that c. the same, as d. such, as
3. he has loved me __i were his son.
a. because b. asc. ifd. as though
4. i don’t think i’ll need any money but i’ll bring some __
a. as last b. in case c. once again d. in time
5. someone called me up in the middle of the night, but they hung up __i could answer.
a. as b. sincec. befored. until
6. we must do it well, _there are a lot of difficulties.
a. as ifb. as thoughc. even though d. even as
7. _has taken part in the athens olympic games is worth praising no matter __he has won medals or not.
a. who; if b. anyone; whether c. whoever; whetherd. whoever; how
8. -it’s a long time __i saw you last.
--yes, and what a pity it is now that it will be a long time __we see each other again.
a. before; since b. since; when c. since; before d. when; before
9. the head of the company promised to deal with matters of this sort___he returned to his office.
a. untilb. whilec. by the time d. the moment
10. he had already walked three or four miles___he saw a cart by the side of the road.
a. while b. when c. the moment d. unless
11. much __the young couple needed money to make the down payment for the apartment, they wouldn’t ask their parents for help.
a. although b. asc. even ifd. while
12. i h**e kept the photo __i can always see it, as it reminds me of the days when i studied in britain.
a. at which b. when c. whered. at the place
13. i would appreciate it __you can help me with my english this afternoon.
a. because b. until c. when d. if
14. _you may be right, i can’t altogether agree.
a. as b. while c. ifd. since
15.__was 1998 __i graduated from the university.
a. it; when b. it; that c. that; when d. that; that
16. the famous scientist grew up __he was born and in 1930 he came to shanghai.
a. whenb. whenever c. where d. wherever
17. “it gives me great joy and i feel more pressure than i did __i won in china,” ding junhui said.
a. thatb. when c. which d. how
18. parents should take seriously their children’s requests for sunglasses __eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.
a. because b. throughc. unlessd. if
19. john shut everyone out of the kitchen __he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.
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