]（subject）: 是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。
the sun rises in the east.（名词）
he likes dancing.（代词）
twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)
seeing is believing. （动名词）
to see is to believe. （不定式）
what he needs is a book. （主语从句）
it is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
it形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）
]（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
we study english. he likes playing the games.
]（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
he is a teacher. （名词）
five and five is ten. （数词）
he is asleep.（形容词）
his father is in. （副词）
the picture is on the wall. (介词短语)
my watch is gone / missing / lost.（形容词化的分词）
to wear a flower is to say “i’m poor, i can’t buy a ring. （不定式）
the question is whether they will come.（表语从句）
]: feel（感觉） .
it sounds a good idea. the sound sounds strange.
her voice sounds looks thin.
the food smells delicious. the food tastes good.
the door remains i feel tired.
]：1）动作的承受者---动宾。
i like china. （名词） he hates you. （代词）
how many do you need? we need two. （数词）
we should help the old and the poor.
i enjoy working with you.（动名词）
i hope to see you again.（不定式）
did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）
2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词---介宾。
are you afraid of the snake?under the snow, there are many rocks.
3）间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
he g**e me a book yesterday. give the poor man some money.
]：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
we elected him monitor. （名词）
we all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名）
we will make them happy. （形容词）
we found nobody in.( 副词 )
please make yourself at home. 介词短语）
don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）
his father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）
don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词）
i’ll h**e my bike repaired. （过去分词）
]：对主语的补充。
he was elected monitor.
she was found singing in the next room.
he was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.
]：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
ai yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）
he is our friend. （代词）
we belong to the third world. （数词）
he was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）
the man over there is my old friend.(副词)the woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)
the boys playing football are in class 2. （现在分词）
the trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）
i h**e an idea to do it well.（不定式）
you should do everything that i do.（定语从句）
]：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。
怎样划分英语句子中的成分？
主语，谓语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语，状语分别有什么用法，应该怎样划分？首先，要熟悉，分别为：, 其次，要系统学习名词、代词、数词、形容词、动词、副词等此类，了解什么词可以充当句中的什么要素。
一般的，名词做主语和宾语，动词作谓语，形容词修饰名词和做表语，副词修饰句子或者动词……
定语、状语， ]定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：
something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
形容词作定语：
the little boy needs a blue pen.(little修饰名词boy；blue修饰名词pen.）/小男孩需要一支兰色的钢笔。
tom is a handsome boy./tom是个英俊的男孩。
there is a good boy./有个乖男孩。
数词作定语相当于形容词：
two boys need two pens./两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
the two boys are students./这两个男孩是学生。
there are two boys in the room./房间里有两个男孩。
代词或名词所有格作定语：
his boy needs tom\'s pen./他的男孩需要tom的钢笔。
his name is tom./他的名字是汤姆。
there are two boys of toms there.
那儿有tom家的两个男孩。
介词短语作定语：
the boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours./
教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。
the boy in blue is tom./穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
there are two boys of 9,and three of 10./
有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。
名词作定语：
the boy needs a ball pen./男孩需要一支圆珠笔。
it is a ball pen./这是一支圆珠笔。
there is only one ball pen in the pencil box./这铅笔盒里只有一支圆珠笔。
副词作定语：
the boy there needs a pen./那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。
the best boy here is tom./这里最棒的男孩是tom。
不定式作定语：
the boy to write this letter needs a pen.
写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
the boy to write this letter is tom./将要写这封信的男孩是汤姆。
there is nothing to do today./今天无事要做。
分词（短语）作定语：
the smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother./那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
the pen bought by her is made in china./她买的笔是中国产的。
there are five boys left./有五个留下的男孩。
定语从句：the boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday./那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
the boy you will know is tom./你将认识的男孩叫汤姆。
there are five boys who will play the game./参加游戏的男孩有五个。
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