2018长沙三年级英语语法知识点：冠词。
1. 不定冠词的用法：
(1) a用在子音前； an用在母音前。
an hour
(2) 表同种类的全体， 此时a带有any的意味。
a dog is a faithful animal. (dogs are faithful animals.)
(3) 等于one。
i h**e a sister and two brothers.
(4) 等于the same.
birds of a feather flock together.
(5) 等于per”每一。
we work eight hours a day. ninety miles an hour;
(6) a = a certain, 表说话者不认识此人。
do you know a mr. smith?
(7) 物质名词或抽象名词加a (an)即成普通名词，asparagus is a grass. (a = a kind of) ;
this is a good cloth for summer.
(8) “h**e (or take) +a + 抽象名词”，与抽象名词的动词形同义。
let us take a swim. =let us swim.
2. 定冠词的用法：
(1) 由于上下文的关系， 某名词所指的东西已非常明显， 或已有一定的范围， 该名词应加the。
shut the door.
please pass me the caster.
(2) 表该名词的总称。
the cow is a useful animal. (cows are useful animals.)
(3) 前面已提过的名词，再度提到时前面加the。
once upon a time there was a little boy who lived in a cottage.
the cottage was in the country, and the boy lived there all his life.
(4) 用于为片语或子句所修饰的名词之前。
this is the book that i promised to lend you.
(5) 用在宇宙(独一无二)的天体名词之前。
the sun; the moon; the sky; the earth;
(6) 用在方位，方向等名词之前。
the sun rises in the east and set in the west.
(7) 乐器的名称前要加the。
to play the piano (violin, guitar, flute, etc.)
(8) 表示单位的名词前要加the。
gasoline is sold by the gallon.
meat is sold by the catty.
(9) 在最高级的形容词或序数(the first...之前要加the。
taiwan is the best place to live in.
(10)专有名词在下列情况可加the。
(a)海、河、运河的名称：the thames; the bahamas;
(b) 复数形的专有名词： the west indies; the bahamas;
(c)船泊的名称： the queen mary; the flying scotsman; the comet;
(d) 书报、杂志、经典的名称： the times; the central daily news; the koran;
(e) 公共建筑、机关的名称： the ritz hotel; the ministry of education;
(f) 国民的总称： the french; the japanese; the chinese;
(g) 用在姓氏的复数前指其全家人： the chens will move to the country.
3. 冠词的省略：
(1) 称呼语之前不加冠词。
waiter, bring my bill, please.
(2) 家庭称谓如父母兄弟前不加冠词，甚至佣人也都不需加冠词。
father is out, but mother is at home.
cook has made mince-pies for christmas.
3) 三餐名称前不加冠词。
come to dinner (breakfast, lunch) with me.
(4) 运动、游戏、颜色、感官的名词前不加冠词。
he likes basketball.
white is a beautiful color.
do you play bridge?
sight is one of the five senses.
(5) 表官职、身份或亲属关系的名词当补语，或作同位语时不加冠词。
he was elected president.
george ⅵ,king of england.
(6) school; church; hospital等字，指原有的用途时不加冠词，若指建筑物本身或场所时，则要加冠词。
school begins at eight. (school作抽象名词用)
the school stands on the hill. (school指建筑物)
(7) 两个相对的名词并用时不加冠词。
arm in arm; day by day; man to man; young and old;
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