七年级英语语法归纳

发布 2023-02-22 19:34:28 阅读 5945

(一)be动词。

1、be动词概说。(包括am, are, is)

be ①连系动词,本身有词义“是”,在句子中和其后的表语一起构成谓语。 i am tall.(表语)

助动词,无词义。 he is playing football.

2、be动词的用法。

am → 主语是单数第一人称(即i)。 i am…

be are → 单数第二人称及所有复数。 you are… the coats are…

is → 单数第三人称及不可数名词。 your father is… the money is…

3、否定句式(即改否定句):在be动词之后+not, 句子其它部位不变。

he is not a teacher.

4、缩写形式。

主语+be,缩写be第一个字母为 ’,再与主语合并。 you are → you’re jack is → jack’s

be+not否定形式的缩写,缩写not中“o”为 ’,再与be合并。 is not→isn’t are not→aren’t

不能缩写的情况:this is, these are, those are, am not及缩略的肯定回答。 yes, i am. (i’m 误)

5、含be动词句子的疑问句型转换。

一般疑问句:将be动词提前,其它照抄不变,最后+?,读升调。(一般第一人称改为第二人称)

the man in the car is her father. →is the man in the car her father?

i’m a middle school student. →are you a middle school student?

一般疑问句的肯否定回答。

肯定回答: yes, 主语+be. 否定回答: no, 主语+be+not.

is he oldare you a new studentis your father at home?

yes, he isyes, i amyes, he is.

no, he is not.(isn’t) no, i’m notno, he is not.(isn’t)

注意:①主语必须用代词回答;②肯定回答不能缩写;③回答第二人称,用第一人称回答。

特殊疑问句(就划线部分提问)。

1) 方法:将句子被提问(即被划线)的部分改为相对应的疑问词,然后置于句首,接着再将be动词或情态动词提前。

置于疑问词之后),其它部分照抄不变,最后+?(即疑问词+一般疑问句?)

the man in a red cap is her brother. →who is the man in a red cap?

i can sing english songs. →what can you do?

2) 注意:①被提问部分不能再写。

提问动词(即提问做某事),在改句子时注意还“do”,表示做什么?

3) 相应的疑问词。

1. 事物 → is a cat. →what is that?

2. 地点 → wherehe is at home? →where is he?

3. 人 → whothe man is his father. →who is the man?

4. 谁的 → whosethe coat is his. →whose is the coat?

(提问名词性物主代词whose后不用带物)

that is jack’s ball. →whose ball is that?

(提问形容词性物主代词whose后要带物或人)

5. 怎样(程度,方式) →howshe’s fine. →how is she?

he can go to school by bus. →how can he go to school?

6. 职业 → whatmy father is a worker. →what is your father?

7. 年龄 → how oldour grandpa is 80. →how old is your grandpa?

8. 班级 → what classwe are in class 2, grade 1. →what class are you in?

9. 数字 → whatmy phone number is 2212121→what’s your phone number?

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10. 哪一个 → whichthe boy in a blue shirt is mike. →which boy is mike?

(一般which用来提问定语,并且后要带物或人)

11. 颜色 → what colourhis car is yellow. →what colour is his car?

12. 数量 → how many+可数复数名词there are two books on the desk. →

how many books are there on the desk?

how much+不可数名词there is only a little water in the glass. →

how much water is there in the glass?

13. 时间 → what timei can get there at six. →what time can you get there?

wheni can go with you on sunday. →when can you go with me?

14. 价钱 → how muchthe bag is twenty yuan. →how much is the bag?

二)代词:1、代词的形式。

2、代词的用法。

动作的发出者,代词用主格,(一般在句首,动词前 he often writes to me.

动作的承受者,代词用宾格,(一般在句末,动词后、介词后)。 let’s ask him. let’s play with them.

物的主人,用物主代词。(即代词所有格)

1)形容词性物主代词后一定要带物,不能单独使用,一般用在名词前。

this is their classroom. that is my bike. it is her red coat.

2)名词性物主代词,相当于形容词性物主代词+物。

the books are hers. (her booksthe bike is his. (his bike)

3)形容词性物主代词与名词性物主代词之间的区别:

形容词性物主代词:后要带物(即名词)。it’s my pen.

名词性物主代词:后不带物。 it’s mine.

因此填物主代词应注意判断后有无带物,有用形容词性物主代词,无即用名词性物主代词。)

4)名词性物主代词作主语,要注意be的形式。

these are not her pens. hers are in the bag. (her pens)

this is not our classroom. ours is over there. (our classroom)

5)含形容词性物主代词与含名词性物主代词的句子可以转换。(译法稍有不同)

this is her pen → this pen is hers. those black cats are his. →those are his black cats.

这是她的笔。 这笔是她的那些黑猫是他的那些是他的黑猫。

6)提问物主代词用whose.

this is my pen. →whose pen is this? these pens are minewhose are these pens?

注意:1. 提问形容词性物主代词,用whose+物。 2. 提问名词性物主代词,用whose.

3. whose + be + 主语,be 根据主语判断。

7)whose 句型的转换。 whose coat is this? →whose is this coat?

三)所有格:表示物或人的“所属”关系。

1、名词所有格的形式:

① 名词之后直接+’ mary―mary’s kate―kate’s

② 以s结尾的名词只加 ' students―students’

2、以上形式一般只用于有生命的名词,但也可用于表示时间、距离、国家、地点等无生命的名词。

today’s news*****; an hour’s walk; china’s city

3、注意: ①表示两者或多者共有,在最后一个名词+ ’s。 mike and jim’s room.(共用,用单数)

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如果不是共有,指各有,则各词都应+’s。 mike’s and jim’s rooms. (各有,用复数)

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