定语从句语法

发布 2021-05-11 11:13:28 阅读 1407

定语从句。

定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分。

如:i will give my teacher a bunch of beautiful flower. (中beautiful就是定语)

定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。

如:i h**e met the doctor who is in the no.1 hospital.

定语从句的连接词:

连接代词:who、which、whom、whose、that

连接副词:when、where、why

一。 定语从句的功用和结构。

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如:

this is the present that he g**e me for my birthday. do you know everybody who came to the party?

i still remember the night when i first came to the village? this is the place where chairman mao once lived.

关系代词和关系副词的功用。

关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语。

作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如:

i don’t like people who talk much but do little. the cars which are produced in hubei province sell very well.

2. 作宾语:

she is the person that i met at the school gate yesterday. the book that my grandmother g**e me is called “the great escape”.

3. 作定语。

关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如:

what’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor? the girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.

4. 作状语。

i’ll never forget the day when i first came to beijing. this is the house where i was born.

各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法。

1. who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。例如:

the person who broke the window must pay for it. the boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

2. whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。例如:

do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate? mr lee (whom) you want to see has come.

3. whose 指人,在定语从句中作定语。例如:

the girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today. i know the boy whose father is a professor.

4. which指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如:

a dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words. here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.

5.that多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:

i’ve read the news***** that(which) carries the important news. who is the person that is reading the news***** over there?

6. when 指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如:

i’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm. he arrived in beijing on the day when i left.

7. where 指地点,在定语从句中作状语。例如:

this is the house where we lived last year. the factory where his father works is in the east of the city

四。 关系代词 whom, which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:

that was the room in which we had lived for ten years. =that was the room which we had lived in for ten years.

五。 具体使用时还要注意下列问题:

1. 只能使用that,不用which 的情况:

1) 先行词是all, few, little, nothing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如: all that he said is true.

2) 先行词被only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如: he is the only foreigner that has been to that place.

3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如: he was the second (person) that told me the secret.

4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。 this is the best book (that) i h**e read this year.

5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如: he talked about the people and the things he remembered.

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