高考英语第十四章状语从句知识精讲

发布 2021-05-20 06:40:28 阅读 2339

状语从句。

知识精讲】状语从句,也叫做副词性分句,在主从复合句中起到状语作用,即把句子当作状语来使用,其作用类似副词,有时甚至可以用副词代替。用以修饰主句的动词,形容词或副词,非限定动词(不定式,-ing或 -ed分词)或修饰整个句子。表示时间,地点,方式,程度,原因,结果,目的,条件,让步和比较等。

在高考英语中,状语从句主要出现在单句选择,改错或完型填空中。

一、状语从句的含义和类别。

1. 时间状语从句

引导时间状语从句的连词主要有:when, as, while, as soon as, while; before, after, since, till, until; the minute, the moment, the second, any time, the day,the week, the instant, every time, each time, (the) next time,(the) last time, the first time; immediately , directly; no sooner...than, hardly...

when, scarcely...when等。

1)表示“当……时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要的 when, while, as, whenever。例如:

he jumped up when the phone rang. 当**响起的时候,他站起来了。

we listened while the teacher read. 老师讲,我们听。

they sang as they danced. 他们边唱边跳。

注意】在高考中,我们主要要注意when表示“突然”性,常用于“be+doing...when...be about to do...

when...be on the point of doing...when...

had just done...when...等句型中。

as表示“同时”性。while表示“期间”性(其引导的从句不能用短暂性动词)。whenever表示“每当”。

例如:i was about to go to bed,when the phone rang.

just as he caught the ball, there was a tearing sound.

while john was sitting biting his nails, i was working out a plan to get us home.

2)表示“在……之前(或之后)”的时间连词。主要的有before, after。例如:

turn the lights off before you le**e.

he started the job soon after he left the university.

before是高考考查的热点词汇之一,其用法归纳如下:

注意】表示“在……之后……才”。强调某事发生得晚或慢。

the american civil war lasted four years before the north won in the end.

注意】表示“……还没来得及……就……”目的在于强调从句动作发生之前,主句动作已发生。例如:

before i cold get in a word, he had measured me.

注意】表示“在……之前就……”这时主句与before从句中的两个动作按时间先后依次发生。例如:

it was evening before we reached the little town of winchester.

注意】表示“趁……”等到……”或 “没等……就…… 等。例如:

he made a mistake, but then he corrected the situation before it got worse.

注意】 before用于句型“it + will/would be + 时间段 + before...句型中,表示“要过多久才……”用于“it + may be + 时间段 + before...表示“也许要过多久才……”其否定形式“it will/would not be +时间段+ before…”表示“不久……就……,过不了多久就……”例如:

it will be a long time before we meet them again.

注意】用于句型 “it was +时间段+ before ..表示 “过了(多长时间)才……”其否定形式“ it was not +时间段+ before ..意为“不久……就……”没过(多长时间)就……”例如:

it was some time before we realized the truth.

3)“自从”或“直到”的时间连词。主要的有since, until, till。例如:

he has lived here since he got married.

most men worked until/till they’re 65.

注意】 before与since,when,until引导的时间状语从句区别。

it be +时间段 + since引导的时间状语从句”表示“自从……已经有多长时间了”。主句用一般现在时或现在完成时。

it be +时间点 + when引导的时间状语从句”表示“某个动作发生时,是某个时间”。主句谓语动词可以是一般过去时,或者一般将来时。

it + will/would be + 时间段 + before...句型中,表示“要过多久才……”用于“it + may be + 时间段 + before...表示“也许要过多久才……”it was +时间段+ before ..

表示 “过了(多长时间)才……”主句谓语动词是一般将来时,过去将来时或者一般过去时。

until常用于“..until...not...until...中。表示“直到……才……”在肯定句中,主句谓语动词是延续性动词。

it is almost five years since we saw each other last time.

did jack come back early last night?

yes. it was not yet eight o'clock when he arrived home.

4)表示“一……就……”的时间连词。主要的有as soon as, once; no sooner...than, hardly/scarcely ..

when; immediately, directly, instantly; the minute, the moment, the second, any time, the day,the week, the instant等。例如:

tell him the news as soon as you see him.

i recognized her the moment (that) i saw her.

once he arrives, we can start.

注意】 no sooner...than, hardly/scarcely ..when,句子要倒装。例如:

i had no sooner closed the door than somebody knocked.

no sooner had i closed the door than somebody knocked.

注意】immediately,directly, instantly副词常常用作连词,相当于“as soon as”。例如:

i came immediately you called.

directly i walked in the door i smelt smoke.

5)表示“上次”、“下次”、“每次”等的时间连词。主要的有every time(每次),each time(每次),(the) next time(下次),any time(随时),(the) last time(上次),the first time(第一次)。例如:

last time i saw him, he looked ill.

do look me up next time you’re in london.

注意】every time, each time, any time前不用冠词,(the) next time, (the) last time中的冠词可以省略,而the first time中的冠词通常不能省略。

名词结构做连词的结构特点。

注意】the + 瞬间名词。

其中的瞬间名词主要包括moment, minute, instant, second等,其意为“一……就……”相当于as soon as。例如:

the minute he saw her he fell in love.

i’ll telephone the minute there’s any change.

注意】the + 季节名词。

其中的季节名词包括spring, summer, autumn, winter,其意为“在……的那年春天、夏天、秋天、冬天”。例如:

his wife left him the spring he went abroad.

he sold his house and went to the south the summer he lost his job.

注意】the+时间名词。

其中的时间名词主要包括hour, day, night, week, month, season, year等,其意为“在……的时候、那天、那个晚上、那周、那个月、那个季节、那年”。例如:

the hour he was in her office, he felt very sad.

the day he returned home, his father was already dead.

注意】the +序数词+time(next, last也具有类似序数词的性质,因此也具有以上用法。)

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